Resumen

As in many other developing countries, conditions that may foster antibiotic resistance in Mexico differ from developed countries, as does resistance prevalence. Fecal pollution and other characteristics of overcrowded, poor cities might create ideal settings for selecting, exchanging and maintaining resistance traits. Medical abuse of antibiotics, along with low-quality drugs, is also present as in many other developing countries. Self-prescription, a common yet unmeasured practice among the Mexican population, may also contribute to increased resistance rates. Pneumococcal resistance towards penicillin and macrolides are the highest in Latin American countries, as is resistance of Salmonella and uropathogenic Escherichia coli towards ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; about one-tenth of isolates of these gram-negative pathogens seem to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). High rates of multiple-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also found in Mexico, although there is no report of extensively drug-resistant strains. As to hospital-acquired pathogens, about a third of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates are ESBL-producers, and half of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are resistant to oxacillin (MRSA). Approximately 40% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are resistant to ceftazidime, imipenem or levofloxacin. Although community-acquired MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and other resistance problems found in developed countries are not as common in Mexico, local issues are no small concern, and are disturbingly moving towards outpatients.

Palabras clave: Antibiotic resistance developing countries MRSA ESBL self-prescription prescription regulation.

2010-05-07   |   1,123 visitas   |   Evalua este artículo 0 valoraciones

Vol. 4 Núm.3. Marzo 2010 Pags. 126-131. J Infect Developing Countries 2010; 4(3)